|
An
Area 51 in Russia? Some people think so and their suspicions are shared by
the US Congress. Testamony was taken on Congressional suspicions of Russian
complex in Yamantau Mountain, circa 1997, and can be checked with the Congressional Record for that session.
A Huge Anthill?
[www.fas.org]
-- Starting in the Brezhnev period, Russia has been pursuing construction
of a massive underground facility at Yamantau Mountain and the city of
Mezhgorye (formerly the settlements of Beloretsk-15 and Beloretsk-16).
Russia's 1997 federal budget lists the project as a closed territory
containing installations of the Ministry of Defense.
On April 16, 1996, the New
York Times reported on a mysterious military base being constructed in
Russia:
"In
a secret project reminiscent of the chilliest days of the Cold War, Russia
is building a mammoth underground military complex in the Ural Mountains,
Western officials and Russian witnesses say.
"Hidden inside Yamantau mountain in the Beloretsk area of
the southern Urals, the project involved the creation of a huge complex,
served by a railroad, a highway, and thousands of workers."
The complex, being built inside Yamantau mountain by tens of
thousands of workers, covers an area the size of the Washington area inside
the Beltway.
There
are reportedly provisions for living inside the man-made caves.
There is an underground warehouse for food and clothing, a shelter
for the Russian national leadership in case of nulcear war,
and rumors that the Yamantau Mountain project was associated
with the so-called 'Dead Hand' nuclear retaliatory command and
control system for strategic missiles.
[Full article plus map].
Some
U.S. analysts believe the secret underground complex beneath
Yamantau Mountain betrays a lingering belief among top Russian
leaders that they must continue to prepare to fight and win
a nuclear war. Russians say they still fear the U.S.
Priors
on the Record
 It is now known that the Soviet Union used
secret underground bases in Eastern Europe to conceal nuclear missiles at
the end of the Cold War, as an integral part of its nuclear war-fighting
strategy. In all, some 73 SS-23 missiles, packing a nuclear punch 365 times
the bomb that detonated over Hiroshima, were hidden by the Soviets in
violation of the INF Treaty, which went into force in June 1988.
If
war had broken out those missiles would have given the Soviets an
overwhelming strategic advantage against the United States, allowing them
to decimate NATO forces in Europe in a surprise attack. The last of these
missiles will be destroyed by the government of Slovakia, under a grant
from the United States.
Today,
Russia may be conducting nuclear deception on a far vaster scale
beneath Yamantau Mountain, where it has dug out a gigantic underground
military complex designed to withstand a sustained nuclear assault.
A U.S. intelligence source was quoted as saying that the Yamantau
complex is but one of some 200 secret deep underground nuclear
war-fighting sites in Russia, many of which have been significantly
upgraded over the past six years at a cost of billions of dollars.
 This declassified Defense Intelligence Agency
map [right] shows the relative location of the underground Yamantau
Mountain complex. Since the end of the Cold War in 1991, U.S. intelligence
sources believe the Russian government has pumped more than $6 billion
into Yamantau alone, to construct a sprawling underground complex that
spans some 400 square miles.
In
1998, in a rare public comment, then-Commander of the U.S. Strategic
Command (STRATCOM) Gen. Eugene Habinger, called Yamantau
"a
very large complex -- we estimate that it has millions of square feet
available for underground facilities. We don't have a clue as to what
they're doing there."
It is believed to be large enough to house 60,000 persons, with
a special air filtration system designed to withstand a nuclear,
chemical or biological attack. Enough food and water is believed
to be stored at the site to sustain the entire underground population
for months on end.
"The
only potential use for this site is post-nuclear war..." --- Rep. Roscoe Bartlett
Bartlett
is one of the handful of members of Congress who have closely followed the
Yamantau project.
The
Yamantau Mountain complex is located close to one of Russia's remaining nuclear
weapons labs, Chelyabinsk-70, giving rise to speculation it could house
either a nuclear warhead storage site, a missile base, a secret nuclear
weapons production center, a directed energy laboratory or a buried command
post. Whatever it is, Yamantau was designed to survive a nuclear war.
In
response to repeated U.S. inquiries, the Russian government
has provided no fewer than 12 separate and contradictory explanations
for the site, none of them believed to be credible.
A
1997 Congressional Research Service report said that the vast
sums invested to build the Yamantau Mountain complex "provide
evidence of excessive military modernization in Russia."
Russia is pouring money into this and other underground nuclear
sites at the same time U.S. taxpayers have provided billions
of dollars in aid to Russia to help dismantle nuclear warheads
taken off line as a result of START I and START II.
"Yamantau
Mountain is the largest nuclear-secure project in the world...
They have very large train tracks running in and out of it,
with enormous rooms carved inside the mountain. It has been
built to resist a half dozen direct nuclear hits, one after
the other in a direct hole. It's very disquieting that the Russians
are doing this when they don't have $200 million to build the
service module on the international space station and can't
pay housing for their own military people,"
---Rep. Bartlett.
The
Russians have constructed two entire cities over the site, known as
Beloretsk 15 & 16, which are closed to the public, each with 30,000
workers. No foreigner has ever set foot near the site. A U.S. military
attaché stationed in Moscow was turned back when he attempted to visit the
region a few years ago.
Neither
the Central Intelligence Agency nor the Defense Intelligence
Agency will comment on what the Russians are doing at Yamantau
Mountain.
"There's
not a lot we could say without venturing into the classified realm," CIA spokesman Mike Mansfield said. "It's hard to discuss it with any
specificity."
 This
U.S. satellite photograph of the Yamantau Mountain [left] region was taken
on Oct. 16, 1997. Clearly recognizable signs of excavation can be seen at
the areas marked Yamantau Mountain and Mezhgorye. Two above-ground support
cities, each housing 30,000 workers, are located at Beloretsk and
Tirlyanskiy.
The
very little that is known publicly about the site comes from Soviet-era
intelligence officers, who defected to Great Britain and the United States.
In public testimony before a House Armed Services Subcommittee last
October, KGB defector Col. Oleg Gordievsky said the KGB had maintained a
separate, top-secret organization, known as Directorate 15, to build and
maintain a network of underground command bunkers for the Soviet leadership
-- including the vast site beneath Yamantau Mountain.
"And
what is interesting was that President Yeltsin and Russia's new democratic
leaders are using those facilities, and the same service is still running
the same facility, like it was 10, 15 years ago." --- Col. Oleg Gordievsky
Yamantau
Mountain is so secret that only a handful of Russian government officials
knows about it, says Rep. Curt Weldon, R-Pa., who speaks Russian and
travels frequently to Russia, chairing a congressional working group that
discusses strategic issues with counterparts from the Russian Duma.
"I
ask the Russians about it every time I meet with them... We've
never had a straight answer."
Weldon
got interested in Yamantau Mountain in 1995 when he saw a public report
suggesting it was a vast mining project.
"I
went to Moscow and spoke with the deputy interior minister who
was in charge of mining," Weldon says. "I asked him
if there was any mining activity there. He just shook his head
and said he had never heard of it. So I mentioned the other
name the Russians use for it: Mezhgorye. He said he hadn't heard
of that either. Then he sent an aide out to check. Twenty minutes
later, the aide came back, visibly shaken. He said they couldn't
say anything about it."
Weldon
also met with Andrei Kokoshkin, a former deputy defense minister, in charge
of President Yeltsin's National Security Council.
"Kokoshkin
called it a public works project, and said there was nothing to worry
about, since the Defense Ministry had no involvement in it. So I brought
out a copy of the Defense Ministry's budget -- it's only a few pages long
-- and showed him the line item for Mezhgorye. He smiled and said it must
be for bridges, roads and schools. When I then asked if I could see it, he
said that could only be arranged through Yeltsin. The site was controlled
directly by the president."
Weldon
then tried sending a 3-page letter to Yeltsin in Russian.
"I
told him all the things I was trying to do to foster better
U.S.-Russia understanding, but said that I couldn't help if
they couldn't clear up something as important as this. He never
replied."
Where's
the Money Coming From?
The
cause for concern is that the US is currently sending hundreds of millions
of dollars to Russia, supposedly to help that country dismantle old nuclear
weapons. Meanwhile, the Russian parliament has been complaining that it
cannot pay $250 million in back wages owed to its workers at the same time
that it is spending money to comply with new strategic arms reduction
treaties.
Aviation
Week and Space Technology reported that "It seems the nearly $30
billion a year spent on intelligence hasn't answered the question of what
the Russians are up to at Yamantau Mountain in the Urals. The huge
underground complex being built there has been the object of U.S. interest since
1992. 'We don't know exactly what it is,' says Ashton Carter, the
Pentagon's international security mogul. The facility is not operational,
and the Russians have offered 'nonspecific reassurances' that it poses no
threat to the U.S."
The
following is an excerpt from an interview between Chris Ruddy
and Col. Stanislav Lunev, a Russian military intelligence officer
who defected in 1992. Col. Stanislav Lunev is the highest-ranking
military intelligence officer ever to have defected from Russia.
You
ask about Yamantau Mountain. Well, this is a huge underground
city, which could be used in time when many Russian cities are
destroyed, but the military and political elite will survive
and live until our planet will try to restore itself.
U.S.
law states that the Administration must certify to Congress that any money
sent to Russia is used to disarm its nuclear weapons. However, is that the
case? If the Russian parliament is complaining of a shortage of funds for
nuclear disarmament, then how can Russia afford to build the Yamantau
complex?
Could
American funds be subsidizing a Russian weapons factory? A
"doomsday" shelter? Or possibly something even more sinister?
We'd like to hear YOUR opinion. Write to yamantau@viewzone.com.
|
The Ural Mountains, which are also
called the Stone Belt, extend for 2500 km from the hot Kazakh steppes to
the frozen coast of the Arctic Ocean. Geographers divide the Urals into
five regions: South, Middle, North, Subarctic and Arctic Urals. The
widest part of the Urals is called the South Urals, and comprises dozens
of parallel ridges, bounded in the north and in the south by the valleys
of Ufalei River and Ural River respectively. Steppe and forest-steppe
landscapes are typical of the foothills in this part of the Urals. Higher
in the mountains, the hillsides are covered with mixed forests and the
highest peaks, like islands, emerge among the green ocean of forest. The
highest mountains of the South Urals - Yamantau (1640 m) and Bolshoi
Ieremele (1582 m) - are located in the western row of ridges.
|
Back
to ViewZone || Read
Comments || Submit Comments
|
